Yo dude, from the look of the roots they appear dried out, and it sounds like you're probably not over-watering either, so my best guess is more just adjust your watering technique, and potentially even water more frequently. I gotta say though, in soil when you remove rootzone from pot, it should have the soil body still around it, whereas your pic almost looks like you just pulled that out a DWC bucket or something! If the roots are unfurling out & soiling is crumbling away that much then i would propose they're way too dry.
I can only suspect what is happening is that the soil is hardened dry & most likely has shrunk away from the sides of the pot - if you water too quick, it'll just skate off the surface and flow down the sides - this is the most common reason why people see water coming immediately straight back out the bottom.
My only advice is if the soil is dry before watering is; firstly, press & push the soil perimeter back against & back down the inner pot sides - if you find that the soil perimeter keeps pushing down & you can fit your little finger down the inner sides, then add a handful of extra soil around the perimeter and push it down to fill in any gaps between soil body and pot sides. Soil usually compacts together over time and if the pots were not fully packed & tamped down when 1st filled then soil naturally settles, drops & contracts and will need topping up to maintain the volume you intended when 1st filled.
Secondly, with the actual watering, I'd recommend trying watering alot slower - rather than just 1 watering of whole amount at once, divide each watering amount into 5 segments - water 1 slow ring circuit around the re-packed soil perimeter first, wait 30 secs, then do same 1 slow ring perimeter circuit again, wait another 30 secs, then slowly pour a small puddle in the middle/plant stem that is just enough to pool in the middle, wait 30 secs for this pool to disappear then reapply same size pool to middle again. Once this also absorbs after 30 secs, then deliver what's left with a slow, equal pour over whole soil surface.
These 2 things should then give your water more time to penetrate hardened soil without giving it the avenue to run straight down the sides. Also, slow, staggered watering is one of the main ways to help aerate & draw oxygen back down into the rootzone, which again is important if soil has become overly hardened. Once you do this a couple of times, the soil body should go back to soaking up water alot more efficiently & the roots will enjoy having a nice soak far more than trying to catch what they can of a flash flood.
Apologies if you are doing all this already, though if it isn't your current soil condition/watering technique causing this issue, then I'm afraid I haven't got anything else to offer on why the water would be exiting so quick.