3.86x10 to the power of 26. Also known as the sun.
Joking aside, the sun actually provides more energy than a plant can handle and causes most plants to drive its photosynthesis down daily in order to protect itself.
More light will always increase growth up to the point of maximum photosynthesis allowed by a plant, which is different for every species. It has been shown in cannabis that around 700-1000umols photosynthetic efficiency goes down and starts photoinhibition.
How much artificial light is required to reach that point is really difficult to calculate and actually gave me quite a headache trying to work it out. Because my math is not very good. I even had to go back to my light physics book to work it out.
To compare sunlight to artificial light, you must use one or more of the light measurement techniques available today. Using Radiometry there are three basic quantities. Radiant flux, radiant intensity, irradiance. Now of course there are many more, but these three cover most of our applications. All that these measurement techniques do is measure EMR in the form of units, in different ways. To know more, read my write ups on measurement systems.
For measuring sunlight we can use irradiance with the unit umol. This measures light over a unit of area, typically one square meter. A form of irradiance measurement is the PPFD, which is a subset of radiometry called spectroradiometry.
Using PPFD shows our sun to emit around 2000-2200umols per second over one square meter.
Now we cannot perform the same test with artificial light, because it does not act like a point source and is not uniform in all directions. Because of this, we must use another. PPF. This measures total light output. Using PPF shows that a typical 1000w HPS light, will provide around 1300umols per second. So not quite as powerful as the sun when covering a specific unit of area, however more than enough for a plant area of one metre squared.
I understand that might not make sense, it rattled my brain for hours today, thanks to you

. So it may all be for nought haha.