Those are the calyx’s which if Pollination were to occur , would produce seed inside....keeping male plants away as you would, prevents this from happening... hence the word sinsemilla. one reason why you would typically read... is this a male plant ? And if it is , most growers destroy them
figure from here, you could be about 5 weeks from harvest... but of course all plants are different and may be quicker or a bit longer as trichomes mature