Howdy Izzie1701, What You have (from the photos provided) is the starting of 'root rot' (brown algae) here is my $0.02 worth:
First - Flush out your system with pH ed water (6.0) and add 4 ounces per gallon of water of hydrogen peroxide (the store bought H2O2 is only 3%-5%- concentration).
Second- Before You re fill the system;
A. Cover up or paint the outside of the buckets, the light is getting inside and helping the brown algae to grow. further more, do not use any clear tubing in the system as it will act as a light 'channel' allowing light into the reservoir.
B. replace the air stone with a larger one (or two). I use four 2 inch by 4 inch air stones in each of my 6 gallon reservoir.
C. block out or cover up any possible light leaks. I cover the hydroton pebbles with aluminum foil to block out the light.
D. Keep the water temperature between 62° F and 70° F (17° C-21° C). I wrap my reservoirs with bubble wrap (any water resistant insulation will do) to held block out the heat from the grow room. I also use ice bottles (changed out as needed, about every 3 to 6 hours) to keep the temperature within range.
Good luck with Your grow.